Module2 Unit3 Computers語(yǔ)法課的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
一、設(shè)計(jì)思想
(一)設(shè)計(jì)思想
高中的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)不僅是必要的,而且是打基礎(chǔ)的最重要的階段。但是語(yǔ)法教學(xué)不是目的,而是為了掌握和應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言服務(wù)的,即 “Learning by doing”。這堂語(yǔ)法課遵循二語(yǔ)習(xí)得的理論和中國(guó)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言認(rèn)知規(guī)律,變傳統(tǒng)的接受式教學(xué)法為“發(fā)現(xiàn)-體驗(yàn)-探究-合作”式教學(xué)法,即以4P語(yǔ)法教學(xué)(preparation, presentation, practice, production)組織課堂,主張課堂教學(xué)應(yīng)該指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在充分體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)言材料的基礎(chǔ)上,即充分的語(yǔ)言信息輸入的基礎(chǔ)上,歸納有關(guān)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能。在設(shè)計(jì)思路上充分考慮到學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和興趣,為學(xué)生精心設(shè)置各種情景,通過(guò)一系列的任務(wù)活動(dòng),達(dá)到有效的語(yǔ)言輸出,即語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用能力的培養(yǎng)。
(二)理論依據(jù):
1.認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)理論: 布魯納在認(rèn)知發(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)中強(qiáng)調(diào)指出學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程是一種積極的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。他認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)質(zhì)在于主動(dòng)地形成認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)。他非常重視人的主動(dòng)性和己有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的作用,重視學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)與發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維,提倡知識(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)。他說(shuō):"發(fā)現(xiàn)不限于那種尋求人類(lèi)尚未知曉的事物之行為,正確地說(shuō),發(fā)現(xiàn)包括著用自己的頭腦親自獲得知識(shí)的一切形式或方法。"他認(rèn)為發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)具有以下一些優(yōu)點(diǎn):(1)有利于激發(fā)學(xué)生的潛力;(2)有利于加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的內(nèi)在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī);(3)有助于學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí);(4)有利于知識(shí)的保持與提取。
2.語(yǔ)言習(xí)得理論:美國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家克拉申(S. D. Krashen)在二十世紀(jì)七十年代提出了“語(yǔ)言習(xí)得”理論。該理論認(rèn)為,人們掌握某一種語(yǔ)言所通過(guò)的方式主要有兩種:一種是習(xí)得(acquisition),另外一種是學(xué)習(xí)(learning)。所謂“習(xí)得”是指學(xué)習(xí)者通過(guò)與外界的交際實(shí)踐,無(wú)意識(shí)地吸收到該種語(yǔ)言,并在無(wú)意識(shí)的情況下,流利、正確地使用該語(yǔ)言。在英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)中,筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)通過(guò)學(xué)生之間和師生之間的交流獲得思維的碰撞,在這種潛移默化的語(yǔ)言習(xí)得中促進(jìn)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)。而“學(xué)習(xí)”是指有意識(shí)地研究且以理智的方式來(lái)理解某種語(yǔ)言(一般指母語(yǔ)之外的第二語(yǔ)言)的過(guò)程。學(xué)生只有在大量接觸和使用真實(shí)、自然的語(yǔ)言中,才能養(yǎng)成運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力
(三)設(shè)計(jì)特色:以計(jì)算機(jī)為話(huà)題,遵循學(xué)中用,用中學(xué)的原則。創(chuàng)設(shè)情景讓學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn),體驗(yàn)而習(xí)得語(yǔ)言,并在學(xué)生的博客上運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言,學(xué)生學(xué)得快樂(lè),有效果。
二、教材分析
1.新頒布的《英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》明確指出此次英語(yǔ)課程改革的重點(diǎn)就是要改變英語(yǔ)教學(xué)過(guò)分重視語(yǔ)法和詞法知識(shí)的講解與傳授,忽視對(duì)學(xué)生實(shí)際語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的傾向。強(qiáng)調(diào)從學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和認(rèn)知水平出發(fā),倡導(dǎo)體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、參與、合作與交流的學(xué)習(xí)方式,發(fā)展學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。因此,在教授語(yǔ)法時(shí),我們教師不應(yīng)采取滿(mǎn)堂灌的教學(xué)模式,而應(yīng)將語(yǔ)言的形式與意義和真實(shí)情景結(jié)合起來(lái),使學(xué)生在實(shí)際語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用中內(nèi)化語(yǔ)言規(guī)則。本課的設(shè)計(jì)即以此為本,旨在給學(xué)生提供一個(gè)觀(guān)察,發(fā)現(xiàn),體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐而習(xí)得語(yǔ)言的平臺(tái)。
2.本課學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容是NSEC Module2 Unit3 Computer的Learning about language 中的一個(gè)課時(shí)?紤]到教學(xué)內(nèi)容較多,既包含新詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)和鞏固,副詞的運(yùn)用,又包含語(yǔ)法的講解,一節(jié)課很難落實(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo);從學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況看,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)雖然在初中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn),但不做要求,所以學(xué)生掌握的情況不好。基于這兩點(diǎn)考慮,筆者對(duì)教材進(jìn)行重組,把Learning about language中的語(yǔ)法課單獨(dú)作為一個(gè)課時(shí),以加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的理解和應(yīng)用。
著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家Littlewood 曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò):“語(yǔ)言能力是具備交際能力的首要條件。因?yàn)橐贿B串不合語(yǔ)法的句子很難達(dá)到交際的目的。好的交際能力必須要有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)作基礎(chǔ)”。因此本課語(yǔ)法教學(xué)將對(duì)掌握好這一模塊語(yǔ)言知識(shí)及交際活動(dòng)的順利進(jìn)行,都起著支持的作用。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)屬初高中知識(shí)的結(jié)合點(diǎn)。學(xué)生在初中學(xué)習(xí)中已經(jīng)初步了解其結(jié)構(gòu),由于初中時(shí)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平有限,并且介紹過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單,學(xué)生仍是知其然而不知其所以然,更談不上應(yīng)用。但初中這一語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的介紹,為高中體驗(yàn)和應(yīng)用提供了知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備。所以,如何以初中知識(shí)為生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn),以教材內(nèi)容為載體,以計(jì)算機(jī)為主線(xiàn),展開(kāi)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的教學(xué),體驗(yàn)和應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是本課教學(xué)活動(dòng)的主要目標(biāo)。
三、學(xué)情分析
1.教學(xué)的對(duì)象是高一學(xué)生,他們已經(jīng)在初中對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)態(tài)已有所了解,但是在掌握的程度上,有較大的差異,一小部分同學(xué)確實(shí)掌握的不錯(cuò),從而可能對(duì)這課學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)有很強(qiáng)的興趣;大部分學(xué)生還不太明確;還有一小部分學(xué)生根本不知道是怎么一回事。這給教學(xué)帶來(lái)較大的挑戰(zhàn)。筆者在教學(xué)中針對(duì)不同學(xué)生的不同需求,不同水平學(xué)生的不同特點(diǎn),設(shè)置各種活動(dòng),有個(gè)體活動(dòng)和交互活動(dòng),有機(jī)械操練和實(shí)踐性及創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng),循序漸進(jìn),期望不同層次的學(xué)生都能學(xué)有所得。
2.高一學(xué)生思維活躍,敢于提出不同見(jiàn)解,三年的初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生儲(chǔ)備了一定的詞匯和英語(yǔ)知識(shí),能較好地展開(kāi)話(huà)題討論,各抒己見(jiàn)。筆者采取多媒體教學(xué),運(yùn)用多種教學(xué)方法和手段激發(fā)學(xué)生交流和學(xué)習(xí)的興趣,希望學(xué)生始終處于積極、主動(dòng)的思考、探究和創(chuàng)造的狀態(tài)中,創(chuàng)造充滿(mǎn)活力的課堂氣氛。
四、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo):掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)則
2.語(yǔ)言技能目標(biāo):運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)進(jìn)行交流
3.情感態(tài)度:學(xué)生能自如地表達(dá)自己的思想,情感以及與人合作交流的能力。
4.學(xué)習(xí)策略:通過(guò)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的比較,以及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的應(yīng)用培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知策略;引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)自己學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程,學(xué)習(xí)困難等進(jìn)行分析,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的調(diào)控策略;鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),在情景中進(jìn)行交流,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的交際策略。
5.文化意識(shí):讓學(xué)生了解計(jì)算機(jī)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),正確使用計(jì)算機(jī)。
五、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
1.教學(xué)重點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)則,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換,如何正確對(duì)待和使用電腦。
2.教學(xué)難點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)用,通過(guò)合作交流表達(dá)思想和情感。
六、教學(xué)策略與手段
本課教學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)從學(xué)生實(shí)際情況出發(fā),從學(xué)生生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā),而不是從“本本”出發(fā)。以學(xué)生為中心,讓學(xué)生成為課堂中的主角,教師成為教學(xué)活動(dòng)的組織者,合作者和參與者。在設(shè)置任務(wù)的過(guò)程中,考慮到了生生互動(dòng),師生互動(dòng)。學(xué)生在教師特意創(chuàng)設(shè)的教學(xué)情境如直觀(guān)情境,合作情境和活動(dòng)情境等中去學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法,體會(huì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn),使語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)能在一種活的環(huán)境中輕松愉快地進(jìn)行。通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn),體驗(yàn)自然習(xí)得語(yǔ)法知識(shí),取得良好的教學(xué)效果。
七、課前準(zhǔn)備
新的課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)教師,學(xué)生,內(nèi)容,環(huán)境四個(gè)因素的整合,這四個(gè)因素持續(xù)交互,呈動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展。因此,筆者在課前充分考慮到這四個(gè)因素,并為之做好準(zhǔn)備。
1.學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備:
鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生課前認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)閱讀課,掌握計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展,功能以及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),回憶現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.教師的教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備
新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求采用互動(dòng)的課堂模式,提倡開(kāi)放的學(xué)習(xí)方式,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言。筆者在上課前,注意了解不同層次學(xué)生對(duì)這一語(yǔ)法的了解程度,吃透教材,上網(wǎng)查詢(xún)資料,擴(kuò)大自己的知識(shí)面和對(duì)電腦的認(rèn)識(shí),下載新穎的有關(guān)電腦和新科技的圖片,以激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。除此之外,還在課前估計(jì)課堂內(nèi)可能發(fā)生的情況,準(zhǔn)備好各種預(yù)案,以便順利完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。
3.教學(xué)用具的設(shè)計(jì)和準(zhǔn)備
多媒體電腦,實(shí)物投影儀,下載圖片4張:各種形狀的鼠標(biāo),各種形狀的鍵盤(pán),各種新型電腦,造型各異的機(jī)器人。
4.教學(xué)環(huán)境的設(shè)計(jì)與布置:
筆者注意營(yíng)造溫馨,和諧,民主的氣氛,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生積極參與,在設(shè)置任務(wù)時(shí),注重不同層次學(xué)生的需求,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生合作,交流,使用學(xué)生勇于思考,善于思考。
八、課堂教學(xué)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì):
Step 1 Preparation(發(fā)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)備階段)
Review the text and discover the structure
(Before class, let Ss enjoy some pictures about specially-designed computer)
T: we learned “Who am I” yesterday. Now, I’d like you to make an interview with your partner. One is the reporter, and the other is Mr. / Miss Computer.
These words may help you.
1. make, size 2. since then, communicate with 3. since my birth
Write some key sentences on the blackboard:
(1) As the years have gone by, the computer has been made smaller and smaller.
(2) Since then, my family and I have been used by millions of people to deal with information and communicate with each other around the world by the Internet.
(3) I have truly been built to serve the human race since my birth.
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:由記者采訪(fǎng)導(dǎo)入新課,復(fù)習(xí)課文,激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣,呈現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。學(xué)生在初中已經(jīng)接觸到這個(gè)語(yǔ)法,因此很快能回憶并發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,為感知體驗(yàn)做好鋪墊。這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)計(jì),是尊重學(xué)生已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的體現(xiàn),也是對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有困難的學(xué)生的關(guān)心。
Step 2 Presentation(呈現(xiàn)體驗(yàn)階段)
I. 初步體驗(yàn)
T: Nowadays, computer has been used more often than ever before by the students. Then, what has it been used in our life?
Make the students try to express themselves freely. Help the students to describe the pictures, using the present perfect passive voice.
S1: Computer has been used to chat with my friends.
S2: Computer has been used to send E-mails to my friends.
S3: Computer has been used to gather information.
…….
T: I am glad to hear that computer has really been used by us.
Students in class13 (14) have bought a new personal computer. We can also express our meaning:
Ss: A new personal computer has been bought by them.
T: Now, look, what about the computer used by the students in class13 (class14)?
1.They have found many problems with our computer.
2.They have just joined their computer to the Internet.
3.They have built a PC the way they want.
4.They have used the computer every day sine they bought it.
5.They have written a lot of e-mails on the computer in the past year.
T: ask students change these sentences into the present perfect passive voice.
S1. Many problems with their computer have been found by them.
S2. Their computer has just been joined to the Internet.
……
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:計(jì)算機(jī),高中生最感興趣的話(huà)題之一。興趣使學(xué)生積極大膽參與和教師地交流,在談?wù)撚?jì)算機(jī)的用處時(shí),學(xué)生通過(guò)has been used這一短語(yǔ)體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),在此基礎(chǔ)上,就有關(guān)兄弟班同學(xué)使用電腦這個(gè)話(huà)題,進(jìn)行主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。這一環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)計(jì),使學(xué)生在發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象的基礎(chǔ)上,感知和體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)法在實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用。
II. 呈現(xiàn)階段
Together with the students,the teacher summarizes the use of the structure.
教師點(diǎn)撥語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)并提醒重難點(diǎn):一. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是be done, 二. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)經(jīng)常與Since, for, yet, already, so far, by now, in the past few years, how long等詞連用,三. 助動(dòng)詞的選擇have/has 要與主語(yǔ)一致。
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:學(xué)生通過(guò)主動(dòng)觀(guān)察,發(fā)現(xiàn),在教師的點(diǎn)撥下,較好地歸納出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu),避免了以往教師上語(yǔ)法課喋喋不休的講解,學(xué)生聽(tīng)得昏昏欲睡的被動(dòng)局面。
III. 再次體驗(yàn)
Fill in the blanks, using correct tense and voice:
1.I don’t know how many days I have been given (give) to spend, but I do feel my hands are empty. 我不知道他們給了我多少日子,但我的手確乎是漸漸空虛了。-《匆匆》
2. Never mention rope in the house of a man who has been hanged. (hang)不揭別人的短處。
3. The year that is drawing towards its close, has been filled (fill) with the blessings of fruitful fields and healthful skies. 林肯總統(tǒng)1863年感恩節(jié)賀辭
4. Peace has been preserved (preserve:維護(hù))with all nations, order has been maintained, (maintain:維持)the laws have been respected (respect) and obeyed, and harmony has prevailed (流行,盛行 )everywhere. 林肯總統(tǒng)1863年感恩節(jié)賀辭
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: 在發(fā)現(xiàn)和歸納的基礎(chǔ)上,利用學(xué)生喜歡的經(jīng)典句體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,讓學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)不能單獨(dú)表意,只有在具體的情境中,才能表情達(dá)意。
Step 3 Practice(實(shí)踐階段)
I. Game:
Task: Describe what has happened in the pictures
Requirements: 1. Use “ have / has been done”;
2. Four groups are divided, and every group chooses one picture. The group which gives the most sentences will win. Because time is limited, the most sentences are six.
3. “One person, one chance”---Everyone has just one chance.
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: 語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是枯燥的,學(xué)生在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中,往往感到厭倦,根據(jù)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知規(guī)律和表現(xiàn)欲強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn),也為了給部分不愿參與語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生以足夠的動(dòng)力,在課堂中適時(shí)的運(yùn)用游戲能刺激學(xué)生思維。游戲規(guī)則”O(jiān)ne person, one chance”的設(shè)立,有效遏制了個(gè)別學(xué)生獨(dú)霸課堂的現(xiàn)狀。在游戲中體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)言,在游戲中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法,不僅加深了對(duì)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的理解和掌握,而且體驗(yàn)到語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)際上是快樂(lè)的。
II. Choose the best answer:
1. Both my brother work at the power station that ___ in my hometown.
A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up
2. ---_____ the sports meet will be put off.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told
3. All the preparation for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done
4. ---- How long ____ at this job? ---- Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
5. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____ yet.
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
III. Correct mistakes in the blog:
T: We have learned “wildlife protection” in Unit2. An article is posted in our blog, but there are some mistakes. Please correct them.
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: “外語(yǔ)是學(xué)會(huì)的,不是教會(huì)的”。A foreign language is learned, not taught. 體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)法使學(xué)生有了大量接觸語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的機(jī)會(huì)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,開(kāi)展以上多種形式的語(yǔ)法操練,特別是讓學(xué)生在熟悉的博客上發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,能更好地檢測(cè)學(xué)生知識(shí)掌握的程度,體現(xiàn)了學(xué)中用,用中學(xué)的原則,符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知規(guī)律。
Step4 Production (應(yīng)用階段)
T: I think something must be done to save dolphins. Besides, some problems about computer have arisen. Do you know any problems?
S1. Many of the students have been attracted by computer games, which have a great effect on their studies.
S2: A lot of diseases have been caused because of the computer. We spend too much time on computer.
S3: Some deadly computer programmers, like “worm” have been invented to make the computers turn off, which has caused great headaches for the computer users.
…….
T: Great! Now, I’d like to give you a task.
Task: choose one topic above to write an article on the problems caused by the computer in our blog. If you’d like, leave some messages..
Requirements:
1.Use at least four sentences with “the present perfect passive voice”.
2.Apply at least four new words and expressions we have learnt in this unit.
Group work:
Each group has around four members. The group leader is supposed to collect each member’s ideas and prepare it well. Each member should have his own idea and is always ready to improve the passage.
Evaluation:
1. The group that organizes the article well and gives some information (what happened, reasons, etc) wins.
2. The group that uses the learned words or phrases and the present perfect passive voice will get a high score.
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:學(xué)生能否在發(fā)現(xiàn),體驗(yàn)中真正掌握語(yǔ)法知識(shí),筆者讓學(xué)生在博客上發(fā)表文章,切合學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和興趣,使學(xué)生有話(huà)可談;設(shè)立評(píng)價(jià)又可以使學(xué)生明確目標(biāo),有效地幫助學(xué)生掌握語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生正確運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。小組活動(dòng)提供學(xué)生實(shí)踐的機(jī)會(huì),給學(xué)生留出空間思考和幫助,激勵(lì)每個(gè)學(xué)生的積極性,使學(xué)習(xí)有困難的學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)彌補(bǔ)自己語(yǔ)言掌握的不足,使學(xué)有余力的學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展自己的特長(zhǎng),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在習(xí)得語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)上真正使用語(yǔ)法的能力。古希臘的普羅塔戈說(shuō)的好:“頭腦不是要被填滿(mǎn)的容器,而是一個(gè)需要點(diǎn)燃的火把!
九、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)